What elements must be proven in a defamation claim, and what defenses may defeat liability?

What elements must be proven in a defamation claim, and what defenses may defeat liability?

• A. A false statement communicated to a third party that harms reputation; defenses include truth, opinion, and privilege; absence of malice may be relevant in some cases.
• B. A statement of fact that is true but intended to harm; defenses include apology.
• C. A statement made in a confidential setting with no harm; defenses include ignorance.
• D. A statement that is symbolic or artistic expression; defenses include parody.

Answer: (A)